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1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

;^f"^»"' 


Bulletin  of  the  Michigan  Pish  Commission 
No.  5. 


OM  THX 

CYCLOPID^  AND  CALANIDtE  OF  LAKE  ST.  CLAIR, 

LAKE  MICHIGAN,  AND  CERTAIN  OF  THE  INLAND  LAKES  OF  MICHIGAN. 


Bv  C.  DwioHT  Marsh, 

PBOFEHSOB  of  BIOLOQT  in  RIPON  COLIiBOS. 


Rbsclts  of  a  BiOLoaioAL  Examination  of  Lakk  St.  Claib  Undkbtaken  Fob  the  State  Boabd  of 
Fish  CoHMissioNEBa  in  the  Sumheb  of  1898  undkb  the  Supebtibion  of  J.  E.  Rbighabd, 

AND  OF  SiMILAB  WOBK  IN  THE  SCMMEB  OF  1894,  IN  THE  ViOINITY  OF  CHABIiKTOIX 
UNDEB  THX  SVPEBVISION  OF  H.  B.  WABD. 


LANSING 
ROBERT  SMITH  &  CO.,  STATE  PRINTERS  AND  BINDERS, 

1896. 


li.ft-i    -■  ,iJ»..--«*S«i.V!MS.vi>ri;. ■«>►.«> ■  - 


T 


''"T 


Bultetin  of  the  Michigan  Fish  Commission 

No.  5. 


ox    TUE 


CYCLOPID.K  AND  CALANID.E  OF  LAKE  ST.  CLAIR, 

LAKE  MICHIGAN.  AND  CERTAIN  OF  THE  INLAND  LAKES  OF  MICHIGAN. 


Bv  C.  DwKiHT  Marsh, 

PbOFESSOR  of  BlOLOOY  IN  RirON  COLLEGK. 


Kksclts  of  a  Biological  Examination  of  Lake  St.  Clair  Undeetaken  Fou  the  State  Boabd  of 

Fish  Commissionebs  in  the  Summeb  of  1893  under  the  Supervision  of  J.  E.  Reighabd, 

AND  of  Similar  Wobk  in  the  Summer  of  1S94,  in  the  Vicinity  of  Charlevoix 

under  the  Supervision  of  H.  B.  Ward. 


LANSING: 
ROBERT  SMITH  &  CO.,  STATE  PRINTERS  AND  BINDERS, 

1895. 


mm 


.  .m 


l> 


ONTHECYCLOPID.i:  AND  CALANID^:  OF  LAKE  ST. 

CLAIR,  LAKE  MICHIGAN,  AND  CERTAIN  OF 

THE  INLAND  LAKES  OF  MICHIGAN. 


From  the  standpoint  of  the  pisciculturist,  perhaps  no  class  of  animals 
outside  the  fashes  themselves  is  so  important  and  interesting  as  the  ento- 
mostraca.  It  is  a  well  known  fact  that  these  minute  cruetacea  form  the 
entire  food  material  of  the  young  of  some  of  our  most  important  food 
fashes,  and  in  many  cases  form  a  large  part  of  the  food  of  the  adults. 

Ihey  are  universally  distributed.  Every  stream,  lake,  pond,  and  pool 
has  Its  population  of  these  minute  creatures.  Moreover  they  are  present 
in  some  places  in  enormous  numbers.  In  the  deeper  waters  of  our  lakes 
the  surface  waters  to  a  depth  of  about  thirty  feet  fairly  swarm  with  cope- 
pods.  In  limnetic  collections  there  are  always  present  some  Cladocera, 
but  the  great  bulk  of  the  material  in  any  lake  will  consist  of  two  or  three 
species  of  Diapfomns  and  as  many  of  Cyclops. 

Inasmuch  as  the  occurrence  and  abundance  of  animals  is  largely  depeu- 
dent  on  their  food  supply,  it  will  be  seen  that  an  accurate  and  thorou<di 
knowledge  of  entomostraca  is  of  fundamental  importance,  if  we  would 
have  an  exact  knowledge  of  the  conditions  controlling  our  fish. 

The  material  on  which  this  paper  is  based  was  obtained  from  the 
lollowing  sources. 

1.  Collections  made  by  Professor  Reighard  in  certain  lakes  in  southern 
Michigan  in  the  summers  of  1891  and  1893. 

2.  Collections  made  by  Professor  Reighard  in  the  northern  part  of 
Jjake  Michigan  in  the  spring  of  1898. 

3.  Collections  made  by  Professor  Reighard  during  the  biological  exam- 
ination  of  Lake  St.  Clair  in  the  summer  of  1898.  This  involved  a  verv 
large  number  of  collections  in  the  months  of  July  and  August,  and  its 
results  probably  give  us  a  very  accurate  knowledge  of  the  copepod  fauna 
of  Lake  ht.  Clair  in  the  summer  season.  In  connection  with  ihis  work  a 
tew  collections  were  also  made  in  the  Detroit  river  and  in  Lake  Erie 

4.  Collections  made  in  July  and  August  1894  in  connection  with  the 
scientifac  work  ol  the  Michigan  Fish  Commis.siou  at  Charlevoix  This 
involved  a  careful  examination  of  Round  Lake  and  Pine  Lake,  collections 
in  Lake  Michigan  and  the  lakes  on  Beaver  Island,  and  cursory  examina- 
tions of  the  small  lakes  in  the  neighborhood  of  Charlevoix 


\> 


^ 


MICHIGAN   FISH  COMMISSION-BULLETIN  NO. 


5,  Collections  mado  by  Dr.  R.  H.  Ward  in  Soptember,  18'.>4,  in  Emmet 
and  CheboyK'iu  Counties,  alou^  the  '*  Inland  Route." 

Inasmuch  as  thest'  collections  were  made  for  the  most  part,  in  the 
summer  season,  and  more  especial  attention  was  paid  to  the  larger  bodies 
of  water,  the  results  of  the  examination  cannot  be  considered  as  giving  us 
a  complete  knowledge  of  the  fauna  of  the  State.  A  more  careful  examina- 
tion of  the  smaller  lakes  and  of  the  stagnant  pools  would  doubtless  add 
some  species  to  the  list.  Vet  th(*  number  of  those  species  would  be  small, 
and  for  the  larger  bodies  of  water  the  list  as  given  in  this  paper  is  prob- 
ably very  nearly  complete. 

This  becomes  evident  when  one  remembers  how  nearly  identical  are  the 
fauna'  of  the  deeper  waters  of  our  lakes.  To  such  an  extent  is  this  true 
that  one  can  prophesy  (luite  exactly  what  species  will  be  found  in  a  collec- 
tion from  any  of  the  lakes  of  this  latitude.  The  collections  from  the 
deeper  water  will  almost  invariably  give  the  following  species: — Diaptomns 
orefionrnsis,  Cycloi>^  f)revis])inosiit<,  C.  Li'uckarti  iind  C.  Jluvi'dtilia.  C. 
alhidiis  and  V.  scrnilat)is  may  be  present,  but  belong  more  properly  to  the 
littoral  fauna.  In  the  larger  lakes,  in  addition  to  this  list  we  may  find 
Epischurn  lacnslris.  D.'-iplomns  sirllis,  1).  .Ishhindi,  I),  miniitiis,  and 
LiiiinocdUmiifi  niacrnrus  are  not  commonly  found  except  in  the  Great 
Lakes  and  in  the  bodies  of  water  in  direct  connection  with  them;  in  the 
Great  Lakes,  too,  C.  piilchrllii.^  takes  the  place  which  C.  hri'i^isinnosiis 
holds  in  the  smaller  lakes. 

I).  Eeifiliardi  is  tiie  only  new  species  which  I  have  found  in  the  Michi- 
gan collections.  As  I  have  already  remarked  in  a  former  paper  ('93  p.  192) 
the  species  of  Didpiomns  are,  in  some  cases,  (juite  limited  in  their  distribu- 
tion, and  apparently  Didpionnis  is  much  more  susceptible  to  the  influences 
of  its  environment  than  is  Cj/clops.  Very  little  is  known  of  the  life  his- 
tories of  the  species  of  Diitpiomus,  and  it  is  possible  that  a  more  complete 
knowledge  may  lead  to  a  reduction  of  the  number  of  species.  But,  so  far 
as  I  can  see,  all  the  forms  described  vary  within  comparatively  narrow 
limits,  and  there  is  no  evidence  whatever  to  lead  us  to  question  the  separa- 
tion of  the  forms. 

I  have  indicated,  in  the  accompanying  chart,  the  distribution  of  the 
species.  It  has  not  seemed  necessary  to  indicate  the  character  of  the  indi- 
vidual collections  in  Lake  St.  Clair  and  Lake  Michigan  as  no  particular 
significance  is  attached  to  such  facts. 

The  sketch  maps  will  show  most  of  the  localities  where  the  collections 
were  made. 

It  is  interesting  to  note  the  greater  richness  of  the  copepod  fauna>  of  our 
lakes  as  compared  with  those  of  the  continent  of  Europe.  Zacharias  finds 
seven  species  of  copepods  belonging  to  the  C/iclopi'div  and  C<d(undiV  in 
the  Ploner  See.  In  Lake  Michigan  there  are  nine,  and  that  includes  no 
littoral  species;  in  the  lakes  on  the  Beaver  Island  there  are  eight,  in  Pine 
Lake  nine,  in  Round  Lake  eleven,  in  Intermediate  Lake  eleven,  and  in 
Lake  St.  Clair  sixteen.  The  large  number  in  Lake  St.  Clair  is  probably 
explained  by  the  fact  that,  being  very  shallow,  it  has  the  species  of  the 
smaller  bodies  of  water  and  of  the  stagnant  pools,  and  in  addition,  because 
of  its  connection  with  the  Great  Lakes,  has  also  their  limnetic  species. 


CVCLOPID.E  AND  CALANID.E  OP  MXCHKIAN  LAKES. 


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6 


MICHIGAN   F18H   COMMlSblUN-  BULLETIN  NU.  o. 


Pint*  Lake  Ih  prculiarlv  poor  in  its  nnnihor  of  epecioH.  TIuh  in  strikini^'ly 
RppHiviit  wlu'ii  w»' ••onipannt  wilii  Inttrnu'diate  Ijake.  I'inc  Lakt*  was  vt'iy 
tlioroui^hly  cxatnint'd,  and  it  in  likt-iy  that  we  iire  atvjuaintt'd  with  all  the 
species  occnrrin^c  there,  and  yet  the  niunber  \h  only  eiL,d»t.  All  the  collee- 
tionH  from  Intrrmediale  Luke  were  nwuh'  in  one  ihiy  hy  a  party  which  went 
down  from  Charlevoix  and  remained  <ady  a  few  hourw.  and  yet  the  nnmber 
of  ditToreut  forms  is  eleven.  Intermediate  Lake  seems  to  bi'  an  nnusnally 
rich  collectin^jj  ground,  for  with  the  exce[)tion  ttf  l^ake  St.  Clair  and  llonnd 
Lake,  no  other  lake  hIiowh  such  a  lary;e  nund)er  of  species,  and  both  Lake 
St.  Clair  and  llonnd  Jjakt>  have  l)een  very  thoroiiLchly  exploreil.  Moreover, 
iu  the  case  of  Konnd  Lake,  several  of  the  species  may  be  considered  as 
inimi^n-ants  from  Jiako  Michigan. 

In  ;<eneral  it  may  lie  sfiid  that  the  copepod  fauna  of  Michigan  does  not 
differ  materially  from  tliat  of  Wisi-onsin,  which  1  have  already  described 
in  a  former  report,  ( Marsh ''.'•<. )  This  is  only  what  one  would  expect 
because  of  the  very  wide  distribution  of  the  species,  as  already  noted. 
(Marsh '08,  p.  I'.IL) 

Inasmuch  as  many  of  the  si)ecieH  have  been  imperfectly  described,  it 
has  seemed  best  to  me  in  preparing  this  paper  to  devote  Home  space  to 
more  detailed  descriptions,  and  particularly  to  furnish  some  figures  in 
addition  to  those  already  published,  and  iu  this  way  to  supplement  the 
work  of  preceding  papers, 

The  literature  of  the  Cojx'poihi  is  so  scattered  that  it  is  very  difKcult  for 
any  one  except  a  specialist  to  make  determinations  of  species  that  are  at 
all  satisfactory.  Without  doubt  this  fact  has  deterred  many  from  attempt- 
ing any  study  of  the  Copepoda.  Much  valuable  work  in  regard  to  the 
distribution  of  species  might  be  done  by  amateur  investigators  if  there  were 
any  work  giving  brief  directions  by  which  the  species  might  be  determined 
with  a  fair  degree  of  accuracy.  This  lack,  with  the  advice  of  Professor 
licighard,  I  have  attempted  to  supply  in  the  present  paper.  Preceding 
the  notes  on  DUipiomns  and  Cyclops,  1  have  given  a  brief  synopsis  of  the 
species  of  those  genera.  These  synopses,  which,  with  some  modifications, 
aiie  like  those  in  my  paper  on  tiie  copepods  of  Wisconsin,  are  intended 
simply  to  furnish  a  means  of  recognizing  the  species  by  some  of  their  most 
obvious  characters.  While  the  first  six  plates  may  be  considered  as  sup- 
plementing the  work  of  my  W^isconsin  paper,  I  have  thought  best,  iu 
order  to  aid  in  the  ideutitication  of  species  to  add  the  seventh,  which 
repeats  some  of  the  figures  of  the  former  paper.  I  think  that  by  means  of 
the  synopses  and  plates,  any  one  who  has  the  patience  to  make  the  neces- 
sary dissections,  will  be  able  without  much  difficulty  to  identify  our  species 
of  Cyclops  and  DUipiomns,  at  least  as  far  as  adult  forms  are  concerned. 

I  have  included  in  the  synopses  some  species  which  have  not  yet  been 
found  iu  Michigan,  but  which  have  been  reported  from  Wisconsin,  and 
will,  doubtless,  after  a  more  thorough  exploration,  be  included  in  the 
Michigan  fauna. 


I  8triki'iit,'ly 
C(<  WRH  very 
ith  all  tlu' 

the  ColltHV 

vliicli  went 
III!  miuibt'i' 

iinuBUHlly 
111(1  Ikoiind 
both  L(ikt> 

Moreover, 
iHidered  us 

in  docs  not 
'  described 
aid  expect 
idy  noted. 

:»8eribed,  it 

K'  space  to 

ti^^ures  in 

lement  the 

lilHcult  for 
that  are  at 
n  attempt- 
ard  to  tlie 
there  were 
leterniined 
Professor 
Preceding 
[jsis  of  the 
tlitications, 
e  intended 
their  most 
red  as  snp- 
bt  best,  in 
Dtli,  which 
^'  means  of 
the  neces- 
Dur  species 
icerned. 
)t  yet  been 
onsin,  and 
led  in  the 


4 


CVCLOPID.K  AND  CAI.AXin.i:  OF  MlCllKiAN   LAKES.  7 

FAMILY  CALANrD.i:.-(lKNUs  DIAITOMUS  Wf.stwooi.. 

KEY    T«»   Sl'CCIEH  OF    DIAPTOMIS  FICOM   CIIAUACTKIUSTK  S   oF   THE    MAI-E. 

Antepenultimate  joint  of  antenna  without  appendage, 

Fit'tli  feet  nearly  etpial  in  leny;th,  .. orrgoitrnsis. 

Left  fifth  foot  snorter  than  rij^ht. 

Inner  ramus  of  left  tifth  foot  about  e(pial  xn  leti^th  to 
lirst  joint  of  outer  ramu.s,  terminal  liuuk  of  ri^ht  foot 

not  markedly  anj^ular palliiliift. 

Inner  ramus  of  left  tifth  foot  about  twice  as  lon^  as 
first  joint  of  outer  ramus,  terminal  hook  of  ri^ht  foot 
with  an  abrupt  ani^le  at  about  midway  of  its  len^^th,      Rt  i</hnr'li. 

Antepenultimate  joint  of  antenna  witli  hyaline  lamella, lt[)fo/)HS. 

Antepenultimate  joint  of  antenna  with  ai)pendat>:e, 
Appendage  short  and  blunt, 

Left  fifth  foot  hardly  reachint^  end  of  basal  joint  of 
right,  lateral  spine  of  terminal  joint  of  right  foot 
weak,  reaching  about  to  end  of  joint,  species  large, 

occurring  only  in  spring,    _ aniujiimrus 

Ijeft  tifth  foot  reaching  to  about  one-third  the  length 
of  the  terminal  joint  of  the  right,  lateral  spine  of 
terminal  joint  large,  reaching  to  nearly  one-half  the 

length  of  the  terminal  hook, nirijii. 

Appendage  as  long  or  longer  than  the  penultimate  joint, 
Terminal  hook  of   right  tifth  foot  broad,  lateral  s^iine 

minute, _ iiiimitiis. 

Terminal  hook  falciform, 

Lateral  spine  nearer  outer  extremity  of  joint, sicills. 

Lateral  spine  stout,  nearer  base  of  joint, Ashland i\ 

DiAPTOMUs  siciLis  Forbes. 
Plate  VII,  fine,  land  11. 

1882.     D.  sicilis    Forbes,  p.  645,  pi.  VMT,  rigs.  U  and  20. 

1884.      "        "       Herrick,  p.  142,  pi.  Q,  tig.  18. 

1889.      "        "        De(^uerno  and  Richard,  p.  23,  figs.  13  and  11.  pi.  II, 

tig.  13. 
1891.       "        "        Forbes,-  p.  702,  pi.  1,  tig.  (5. 
1893.       "        "        Marsh,  p.  197,  pi.  Ill,  tigs.  8  and  10. 

D.  s/ci7/.s  is  found  everywhere  in  the  Great  Lakes,  in  Lake  St.  Clair  and 
in  the  Detroit  River.  It  is  also  found  in  Pine  Lake,  and  very  likely  occurs 
in  other  bodies  of  water  having  direct  connection  with  the  (Ireat  Lakes. 

I  do  not  know  of  its  occurrence  in  bodies  of  water  away  from  the 
(ireat  Lakes,  except  in  Green  Lake  (Marsh  '91  and  '93),  and  Lake  Geneva 
(Forbes,  '90),  and  both  of  these  are  deep-water  lakes. 

DiAPTOMCS  AsHLANUi  Marsh. 
Plate  VII,  fig.  2. 

1893.     D.  Ashlawli  Marsh,  p.  198,  pi.  Ill,  figs.  11-13. 
When   I  described  this   species  in  my  paper  on  the   C'yclopidte   and 
CalanuUv  of  Wisconsin,  I  knew  of  only  two  localities  for  it,  Lake  Supe- 


8 


MICHIGAN  FISH  COMMISSION— BULLETIN  NO.  5. 


i      I 


rior  and  Lake  Erie.  It  occurred  in  the  collections  from  Lake  St.  Clair 
and  the  Detroit  River,  but  not  abundantly.  In  the  Lake  Michigan  col- 
lections it  was  a  common  species,  but  not  nearly  so  numerous  as  D. 
minntns.  I  found  it  in  none  of  the  smaller  lakes  except  Round  Lake  and 
Pine  Lake. 

DiAPTOMus  MiNOTus  LilljeboFg. 


Plate  VII.  fig  3. 

1889.     D.  mmuhis  DeGruerne  and  Richard,  (Lilljeborg)  p.  50,  pi.  I,  figs. 
5,  G  and  14,  pi.  Ill,  fig.  25. 

1891.     D.  si'cilis  var.  imperfect  us  Forbes,  p.  703. 

1891.     "      "      Marsh,  p.  212. 

1893.     "      "      Marsh,  p.  199,  pi.  IV,  figs.  1  to  3. 

D.  minutus  is,  perhaps,  the  most  common  of  all  the  Diaptomi  in  the 
collections  from  Lake  St.  Clair  and  the  Great  Lakes.  With  D.  sicilis  and 
D.  Afrhlandi  it  forms  the  great  bulk  of  tlie  Crustacea  in  the  limnetic  col- 
lections. While  I  have  found  it  in  one  or  two  of  the  Wisconsin  lakes,  it, 
like  the  two  preceding  species,  has  not  so  far  been  found  in  any  of  the 
Michigan  waters  which  do  not  have  direct  connection  with  the  Great  Lakes. 
The  three  species  may  be  fairly  considered  as  characteristic  of  the  fauna 
of  the  Great  Lakes. 

It  is  with  considerable  hesitation  that  I  have  considered  Forbes's  imper- 
fectus  identical  with  minutus.  One  can  not  be  certain  of  the  identity  of 
the  two  forms  from  the  description  given  by  Forbes,  and  yet  from  the 
localities  which  he  gives  for  his  variety,  it  seems  very  probable  that  the 
two  are  the  same.  He  speaks  of  it  as  common  in  Lake  Superior  and  Lake 
Michigan,  and  in  some  adjacent  lakes,  and  in  Lake  Geneva.  Inasmuch  as 
D.  miuutus  is  so  common  in  the  Great  Lakes  it  is  not  at  all  probable  that 
it  has  been  overlooked  by  so  accurate  an  observer  as  Professor  Forbes, 
and  as  he  reports  impcrfectus  as  an  abundant  form,  I  think  the  probabili- 
ties are  that  imperfcctus  is  a  synonym  of  minuius. 


DiAPTOMus  OREtiONENSis  LUljeborg. 


Plate  VII,  fi«.  .5. 


1889.     D.  oregouensis  DeGuerne  and  Richard,  (Lillj.)  pi.  II,  fig.  5,  pi. 

Ill,  fig.  8. 

1893.      "  "  Marsh,  p,  200.  pi.  IV,  figs.  4  and  5. 

D.  oregonensis  is  the  common  limnetic  species  of  the  smaller  lakes.  It 
occurs  in  the  Great  Likes,  but  uoc  abundantly,  while  in  the  smaller  bodies 
of  water  it  usually  forms  the  larger  part  of  the  limnetic  fauna. 


:e  St.  Clair 
!ichigau  col- 
}rou8  as  D. 
d  Lake  and 


0,  pi.  I,  fig8. 


\torui  in  the 
).  sicilis  and 
imnetic  col- 
jin  lakes,  it, 
any  of  the 
jreat  Lakes. 
)f  the  fauna 

bes's  imper- 
identity  of 
j&i  from  the 
ible  that  the 
Dr  and  Lake 
[nasmuch  as 
robable  that 
SBor  Forbes, 
le  probabili- 


CYCLOPID.E  AND  CALANID.E  OF   MICHIGAN  LAKES.  9 

^  DlAPTOMtS    RKUiHARDI,  Sp,  UOV. 

Plato  I,  figs.  1-4. 

The  first  segment  of  the  cephalothorax  is  considerably  shorter  than  the 
second.  The  first  two  pegments  form  nearly  half  the  length  of  the  cepha- 
lothorax.    The  last  segment  is  armed  behind  with  two  very  minute  spines. 

The  first  segment  of  the  abdomen  of  the.  female  is  elongated,  nearly 
equal  in  length  to  the  remainder  of  the  abdomen  and  the  furca.  It  is 
dilated  laterally  and  in  front  and  bears  two  rather  small  lateral  spines. 
The  second  segment  is  about  one-third  shorter  than  the  third.  The  third 
segment  is  slightly  shorter  than  the  furca. 

The  antennae  reach  the  end  of  the  furca.  The  right  antenna  of  the 
male  is  swollen  anterior  to  the  geniculating  joint;  the  antepenultimate 
joint  has  no  appendage. 

The  outer  ramus  of  the  fifth  foot  of  the  female  is  two-jointed.  The  third 
joint  is  represented  by  the  customary  two  spines.  The  inner  ramus  is 
one-jointed;  it  is  somewhat  longer  thaa  the  first  joint  of  the  outer  ramus, 
and  is  armed  at  tip  with  minute  setfi^  and  two  spines. 

In  the  right  fifth  foot  of  the  male  the  basal  joint  is  quadrangular,  about 
one-half  longer  than  broad.  The  length  of  the  first  joint  of  the  outer 
ramus  is  about  equal  to  its  width.  The  second  joint  is  elongate,  concave 
on  its  inner  margin;  at  about  one-third  of  its  length  there  is  a  minute 
spine  on  its  inner  margin;  the  rather  long  lateral  spine  is  situated  at  about 
two  thirds  of  its  length.  The  terminal  hook  has  a  single  abrupt  angle  at 
about  one-half  its  length.  The  inner  ramus  is  one-jointed  and  equals  in 
length  the  first  joint  of  the  outer  ramus. 

The  left  fifth  foot  of  the  male  reaches  a  little  beyond  the  middle  of  the 
second  joint  of  the  outer  ramus.  The  basal  joint  is  about  as  broad  as 
long,  and  is  somewhat  shorter  than  the  basal  joint  of  the  right  foot.  The 
first  joint  of  the  outer  ramus  is  about  as  broad  as  long,  its  distal  end  con- 
siderably narrower  than  the  proximal.  The  second  joint  is  about  twice  as 
long  as  the  first,  and  the  tip  is  expanded  into  two  finger-like  processes,  of 
which  the  outer  is  much  the  larger  and  is  armed  on  its  inner  surface  with 
a  pad  bearing  minute  setse.  The  inner  ramus  extends  to  rather  less  than 
one-half  the  length  of  the  second  joint  of  the  outer  ramus. 

Length  of  female,  1.1395  mm.;  male,  1.0248  mm. 

This  species,  which  is  nearly  related  to  D.  orfnoncnsis,  is  yet  readily  dis- 
tinguished by  the  characters  of  the  male  fiftli  foot.  I  found  it  in  the 
collections  from  only  three  localities,— the  North  Lake  on  Beaver  Island, 
Intermediate  Lake,  and  Crooked  Lake. 

I  have  named  this  species  in  honor  of  Professor  Reighard  who  has, 
directly  and  indirectly,  done  so  much  to  increase  our  knowledge  of  lacus- 
trine faunffi. 


II.  fig.  5,  pi. 


Br  lakes.     It 
laller  bodies 


10 


MICHIGAN  FISH  COMMISSIOxX-BULLETIN   NO.  5. 


(Jenus  EPISCHL'RA  FOKHF.S. 


Plate  11,  figs.  1-6.    Plate  111.  fige.  l-H. 


Epischcra  lacl'stuis  Forbts. 


18-41.  IScoi'ioiihora  vdqaits  Pickering',  p.  62. 

lSb2.  E.  lariistris  Forbes,  pp.  541  and  0-:!S,  pi.  VIII.  tigs.  15, 16,  21,  23, 

pi.  IX,  H^.  M. 

18^4.  E.  lacushis  Herrick,  p.  1.31,  pi.  (J,  tiy;.  IH. 

1889.  "  "         DeGuerne  and  Eichard,  p.  90,  pi.  IV,  figs.  3,  9  and  10. 

1891.  "  "        Forbes,  p.  704,  pi.  I,  figs.  1-5;  pi.  II,  fig.  7. 

1893.  "  "        Marsh,  p.  200,  pi.  IV,  fig.  6. 

I  have  very  little  doubt  that,  as  stated  by  Herrick  ('84,  p.  131),  the 
S('Oi>i(>phoi'(i  r(((j(ivf<  of  Pickering  is  the  same  as  l^J.  lucnstris.  The  state- 
ment in  regard  to  the  armature  of  the  abdominal  furcte  can  apply  to  no 
other  genus,  and  as  only  one  species  of  Kpischuva  has  been  found  in  the 
Great  Lakes,  there  would  seem  to  be  little  doubt  as  to  the  identity  of  Pick- 
ering's species.  If  then  we  follow  the  laws  of  priority  as  strictly  as  do 
some  authors,  we  should  throw  out  Forbes"s  name.  But  I  cannot  think  it 
wise  when  a  name  has  been  so  long  incorporated  in  our  literature,  and  is 
founded  on  an  accurate  and  easily  recognized  description,  to  throw  it  aside 
in  favor  of  a  name  accompanied  by  a  description  which,  it  is  true,  probably 
applies  to  this  .uiimal,  but  is  manifestly  inaccurate  in  some  particulars,  and 
may  be  in  all. 

It  is  not  necessary  to  give  a  detailed  description  of  this  species,  as  tliat 
Uas  already  been  done  by  other  authors,  but,  as  very  few  figures  of  it  have 
been  published,  it  has  seemed  best  to  me  to  draw  quite  a  number  in  order 
that  they  may  serve  for  comparison  of  this  genus  with  others,  and  of  the 
various  species  of  Epischin-a  with  each  other. 

A  few  points  in  the  anatomy,  which  have  not  been  noted  by  others  should 
be  mentioned. 

Forbes  has  recently  ('93,  p.  255)  called  attention  to  the  fact  that  the 
fourth  abdominal  segment  of  the  male  is  without  a  process,  and  that  the 
fifth  bears  two  processes. 

The  antenna'  are  25-jointed.  In  the  female,  clavate  sensory  setaj  are 
present  on  all  segments  except  the  4th,  6th,  8th,  10th,  20th,  2l8t,  22d  and 
24th.  The  8th  and  lltli  segments  have  each  a  short  spine.  The  left 
antenna  of  the  male  is  like  those  of  the  female  except  that  the  sensory 
setii'  are  much  longer,  particularly  on  the  basal  segments.  The  right 
antenna  of  the  male  is  22-jointed,  with  a  hinge  between  the  18th  and  19th 
segments.  The  19th  segment  is  formed  by  the  union  of  the  19th,  20th  and 
21st  of  the  typical  antenna,  and  the  20th  by  the  union  of  the  22d  and  23d. 

The  outer  rami  of  the  swimming  feet  are  three- jointed,  and  the  inner 
one-jointed.  In  all  the  feet  the  inner  ramus  bears  five  sette.  In  the  first 
foot  the  first  and  second  joints  of  the  outer  ramus  have  each  one  external 
and  one  internal  seta.  The  terminal  joint  has  six  setie.  In  the  second, 
tliird.  and  fourth  feet,  the  first  and  second  joints  of  the  outer  ramus  have 
spines  externally  instead  of  seta-  as  in  the  first  foot.  The  terminal  joint 
has  two  short  spines  externally,  a  long  terminal  spine  with  its  outer  margin 
deeply  serrate,  and  four  aette  on  the  internal  margin. 


[N   NO.  5. 


i 


CYCLOPID,l<:  AND  CALANID.E  OF  MICHIGAN  LAKES. 


11 


E.  lacusii-is  was  a  common  species  in  the  collections  from  Lake  St.  Clair, 
Lake  Michit,'an,  ana  many  of  the  smaller  lakes. 


Genuh  LIMXOCALAXUS  Saks. 


I,,  tigs.  15, 16,  21,  23, 


IV,  figs.  3,  9  and  10. 
1.  II,  tig.  7. 


k  ('84,  p.  131),  the 
rustris.  The  state- 
:ni  can  apply  to  no 
}  been  found  in  the 
he  identity  of  Pick- 
ity  as  strictly  as  do 
it  I  cannot  think  it 
ir  literature,  and  is 
)n,  to  throw  it  aside 
,  it  is  true,  probably 
•me  particulars,  and 

his  species,  as  that 

w  figures  of  it  have 

a  number  in  order 

others,  and  of  the 

3d  by  others  should 

)  the  fact  that  the 
jcess,  and  that  the 

e  sensory  seta)  are 
20th,  2l8t,  22d  and 
t  spine.  The  left 
t  that  the  sensory 
ments.     The  right 

the  18th  and  IDth 
the  lyth,  20th  and 
)f  the  22d  and  28d. 
ted,  and  the  inner 
setie,     In  the  first 

each  one  external 
;.     In  the  second, 

outer  ramus  have 
Che  terminal  joint 
;h  its  outer  margin 


LiMNOCALANL'S    MACRURUS    SftrS. 


Plate  IV,  tigs.  1  and  i,    Plato  V,  figs.  1-5. 


1803.     L.  )i/(icrHrnf<  Sars.,  pp.  228-229. 

1882.      "  "         Forbes,  p.  (US. 

1880.     Cenfrcpdycs  Grimaldi  DeGuerne,  pp.  1-10. 

1888.  7^.  rnr/c'vo-MS  Nordqvist,  pp.  31-37,  pi.  I,  figs.  9-11;  pi.  II,  figs. 

1-5;  pi.  Ill,  figs.  1-4. 

1889.  L.  uKicrurus  DeGuerne  and  Richard,  p.  77,  pi.  IV,  figs.  5.  11, 

and  12.  ' 

1891.     L.  iiKicriirns  var.  aitrtus  Forbes,  p.  700. 
1893.      *'        "  Marsh,  p.  201,  pi.  IV,  fig.  7. 

For  the  description  of  L.  mdrnii-Hs  we  must  depend  largely  upon  the 
elaborate  description  and  figures  of  Nordqvist. 

Forbes  ('91,  p.  706)  thinks  that  our  form  is  sufficiently  different  from 
tue  European  to  rank  as  a  distinct  variety.  When  preparing  my  former 
paper  ('93)  it  did  not  seem  to  me  that  there  was  good  reason  for  establish- 
ing a  new  variety.  Recently  I  have  made  a  more  careful  examination  of 
the  details  of  its  structure,  using  material  from  Detroit  Eiver,  Lake  Mic  - 
igan,  and  Green  Lake.  So  far  as  the  specimens  I  have  examined  are  con- 
cerned, the  points  of  difference  mentioned  by  Forbes  ('91,  p.  707)  do  not 
exist.  It  seems  to  me  that  the  twenty-fifth  antennal  segment  is  clearly 
separated  from  the  twenty-fourth,  and  not  consolidated  as  stated  by  him. 
In  all  my  specimens  I  find  the  hook  like  spines  on  the  eighth  and  twelfth 
segments. 

Nordqvist  and  Forbes  are  in  agreement  in  regard  to  the  terminal  teeth 
of  the  mandible,  but  Forbes  finds  one  seta  instead  of  the  two  figured  by 
Nordqvist;  in  this  respect  my  observations  confirm  those  of  Forbes.  The 
accessory  spines  have  been  evident  in  my  preparations.  It  would  seem 
then,  that  unless  L.  macnims  is  susceptible  of  local  variations — a  highly 
improbable  supposition-  that  Forbes's  variety  can  not  stand,  for  the  only 
point  of  difference  on  which  it  rests  is  the  existence  of  one  seta  on  the 
mandible  instead  of  two. 

The  second  joint  of  the  second  maxillipede  differs  slightly  from  Nord- 
qyist's  figure,  and  I  have  accordingly  figured  it.  (PI.  V,  fig.  5.)  The 
difference  appears  to  me.  however,  unimportant. 

It  is  impossible  to  tell  whether  our  species  may  not  diff'er  from  the 
European  in  the  armature  of  the  antenna,  as  that  was  not  worked  out  in 
detail  by  Nordqvist.  In  regard  to  the  sensory  seta',  he  simply  states  that 
they  are  present  on  some  of  the  segments,  but  does  not  state  their  number. 

In  the  female,  clavate  sensory  seta^  are  present  on  all  joints  except  the 
4th,  20th,  2l8t,  22d,  and  24th.  The  seta'  are  distributed  as  foUov^s:  the 
first  joint  has  three;  there  are  two  on  the  2d,  3d,  5th,  7th,  9th,  10th,  11th 
13th  to  19th  inclusive,  and  22d  to  24th  inclusive;  the  4th,  8th,  12th  20th, 


— ^^^^ 


12 


MICHIGAN  FISH  COMMISSION-BULLETIN  NO,  5. 


and  2l8t  have  one  seta;  the  Oth  has  none;  the  25th  has  four  setie,  one  o: 
which  is  i)lumo8e;  tlie  8th  and  12th  have,  in  addition  to  the  ordinary  anc 
sensory  set  jo  a  hook-like  spine. 

The  left  antenna  of  the  male  is  armed  like  the  female  antenna. 

The  ri^ht  antenna  of  the  male  is  22-jointed,  the  19-21  being  united  ir 
one,  and  the  22d  and  23d.  The  joint  is  between  the  18th  and  19th.  The  side 
of  the  17th  is  produced  into  a  blunt  spine,  and  the  18th  and  19th  are  armec 
on  the  inner  margin  with  rows  of  minute  spines.  The  number  of  the  sensorj 
setaj  is  the  same  as  in  the  left  antenna  and  in  the  antenna  of  the  female 
and  not  greater  as  stated  by  Nordqvist.  In  fact  the  differences  in  th( 
armature  of  the  right  and  left  antenniv  are  only  apparent,  and  are  occa 
sioned  by  the  coalescence  of  the  19th-21st  and  the  22d  and  23d  joints. 

It  has  seemed  best  to  me  to  figure  the  swimming  feet  and  describe  them 
in  some  detail,  in  order  to  get  a  basis  of  comparison  with  similar  forms. 

In  the  first  foot  both  the  first  and  second  basal  joints  are  armed  inter- 
nally with  a  plumose  seta.  Tlie  first  two  joints  of  the  exopodite  have  nc 
external  spines;  the  terminal  joint  has  two  external  spines,  two  apica 
setit— the  outer  spinulose  on  its  outer  margin — and  three  internal  set* 
The  terminal  joint  of  the  endopodite  has  one  internal  seta,  two  apical,  anc 
three  internal. 

The  second,  third  and  fourth  feet  have  no  seta  on  the  second  basal  joint 
and  the  first  and  second  joints  of  the  exopodite  have  each  an  external  spine. 
In  all  the  feet  except  the  first  there  are  groups  of  two  or  three  minute 
spines  at  the  bases  of  the  spines  of  the  exopodite. 

The  second  and  third  feet  are  alike.  The  terminal  joint  of  the  exopo 
dite  has  four  internal  setiu,  and  the  terminal  joint  of  the  endopodite  haf 
two  external  seta'  and  four  internal. 

The  fourth  foot  is  like  the  second  and  third  except  that  the  termina 
joint  of  the  endopodite  has  three  internal  sette.  The  fifth  feet  have  m 
eeive  on  the  basal  joints.  The  second  joint  of  the  exopodite  in  the  femah 
is  prolonged  internally  into  a  hook-like  expansion.  The  exopodites  of  th( 
male  are  two  jointed,  the  terminal  joints  having  a  peculiar  constructioi 
more  easily  understood  from  the  figure  than  from  any  written  description 
The  terminal  joints  of  the  endopodite  in  both  male  and  female  are  arme( 
with  two  external,  two  apical,  and  two  internal  seta?. 


FAMILY  CYCLOPID.E.-GENUS  CYCLOPS  Muller. 


KEY  TO  SPECIES  OF  CYCLOPS. 


Antenna:"  17-jointed, 

Fifth  foot  one-jointed,  armed  with  one   spine  and   two 
long  set tv — a  large  species  of  dark  color, 

Fifth  foot  two-jointed. 

Second  joint  of  fifth  foot  armed  with  seta  and  short 


aUn 


spine. 
Terminal 


feet 


joint  of  outer  branch  of  swimming 

armed  externally  with  three  spines, 

Furca  o*  moderate  length — occurring  in  pools, Ainericanui 

Furca  elongated,  outer  f  ureal  seta  abbreviated  to  a 

short,  thick  spine— limnetic  in  habit, hrevispinosui 


tf  NO,  5. 


CYCLOPID.E  AND  CALANID.E  OF  MICHIGAN  LAKES. 


13 


s  four  setti?,  one  of 

0  the  ordinary  and 

e  antenna. 
1-21  being  united  in 
and  19th.    The  side 
and  19  th  are  armed 
imber  of  the  sensory 
3nna  of  the  female, 
e  differences  in  the 
irent,  and  are  occa- 
and  23d  joints, 
t  and  describe  them 
ith  similar  forms, 
ats  are  armed  inter- 
le  exopodite  have  no 

1  spines,  two  apical 
three  internal  sets. 

seta,  two  apical,  and 

e  second  basal  joint, 
ch  an  external  spine, 
two  or  three  minute 

joint  of  the  exopo- 
the  endopodite  has 

Dt  that  the  terminal 
e  fifth  feet  have  no 
>podite  in  the  female 
he  exopodites  of  the 
•eculiar  construction 
written  description, 
ad  female  are  armed 


MULLER. 


id  two 

aier. 

[  short 

Lg  feet 

Is, Americaniis. 

ed  to  a 

brevispinosus. 


Terminal    joint    of  outer   ramus  of   swimming  feet 

armed  externally  with  two  spines. parens. 

Second  joint  of  fifth  foot  with  two  terminal  set.v, 

Furca  short — occurring  in  pools, mivits. 

Furca  elongated — limnetic  in  habit, pulchellus. 

Second  joint  of  fifth  foot  with  one  terminal   and  one 

lateral  seta, _       LeuckdHi. 

Second  joint  of  fiftli  foot  with  throe  setic, 

With  clavate  seta  on  twelfth  antennal  segment, 
inner  margin  of  furca  not  beset  with  hairs,  egg- 
sacs    lying  away  from  abdomen, albidus. 

Seusoiy  hair  on  twelfth  antennal  segment,  inner 
margin  of  furca  beset  with  hairs,  egg-sacs  close 

to  abdomen, ' fusciis. 

Antennio  16-jointed,  fifth  foot  three-jointed, mo'lestus. 

Antenna'  12-jointed,  fifth  foot  one-jointed, 

Furca  variable  in  length,  armed  externally  with  a  row  of 

fine  spines. s<'rrulatus. 

Fuva  short,  without  armature  of  spines — a  small  limnetic 

species, Jtiiviatilis. 

Antenujie  11-jointed, 

Swimming  feet  3- jointed, phaleraius. 

Swimming  feet  2-jointecl, hicolor. 

Antenna"  8-jointed, fimhriatus. 


Cyclops  ater  Her  rick. 
Plate  VI,  figs.  1-4,  li,  and  12. 

1882.     C.  aier  Herrick,  p.  228,  pi.  Ill,  figs.  9-12. 
1884.     "     "  "         p.  14.5,  pi.  Q,  figs.  9-12. 

1887.     "    "  "         p.  14. 

The  cephalothorax  is  oval,  nearly  as  broad  as  long,  with  the  lateral 
angles  produced  caudally.  The  first  segment  eij^uals  two-thirds  the  total 
length  of  the  cephalothorax, 

The  antennio  are  17- jointed,  about  as  long  as  the  cephalothorax,  its  seg- 
ments having  the  typical  armature  of  the  CijcJopvUv.  The  last  two  seg- 
ments have  a  smooth  hyaline  lamella,  which  in  the  last  segment  projects 
as  a  flat,  blunt  process  beyond  the  end  of  the  joint. 

The  abdomen  is  of  moderate  length,  the  last  segment  being  armed 
posteriorly  with  a  row  of  fine  spines.  The  furca  is  rather  more  than  twice 
as  long  as  its  width.  The  lateral  spine  is  situated  near  the  end.  Of  the 
terminal  seta>,  the  outer  is  slightly  shorter  than  the  inner,  the  second  is 
about  twice  as  long  as  the  outer,  and  the  third  about  three  times  as  long. 

The  swimming  feet  are  armed  as  follows: 


Outer  br.  ex.  3  spines. 
ap.  2  setcO. 
in.  3  setie. 


FIKST    FOOT. 

Inner  br.  ex.  1  seta. 

ap.  1  spine,  1  seta. 
in.  3  "^etfe. 


y  " 


14  MICHIGAN  FISH  COMMISSION— BULLETIN  NO.  5. 

SECOND   AND  THIRD    FEET. 

Outer  br.  ex.  W  spines.  luuer  br.  ex.  1  seta. 

ap.  1  spiue,  1  seta.  ap.  1  spine,  1  seta, 

in.  4  setiv.  in.  8  setie. 


Outer  br.  ex.  2  spines. 

ap.  1  spine,  1  seta, 
in.  4  seta". 


FOURTH   FEET. 

Inner  br.  ex.  1  seta. 

ap.  2  spines, 
in.  2  setje. 


The  fifth  foot  is  one-jointed,  and  armed  with  a  stout  spine  and  two  loi 
jseljo. 

Average  length  1.  77  mm. 

A  large,  very  robust  form,  of  striking  appearance  because  of  its  dee 
colors.  The  colors  of  the  St.  Clair  specimens  were  as  follows:  antenn; 
antennules,  swimming  feet  and  furcal  seta'  dark  blue,  almost  black.  Tl 
caudal  margins  of  the  cepbalothorax  have  the  same  color.  On  each  8i( 
of  the  abdomen,  and  extending  to  the  ends  of  the  furc.j  is  a  strip  of  tl 
same  color  but  darker.  Borders  of  the  cephalothorax  tinged  with  gree 
Oviducts  white.     The  ovary  is  orange. 

To  the  naked  eye  it  resembles  closely  in  form,  size,  and  color  an  Arr 
nurus  with  which  it  is  found  associated.  This  may  be  a  case  of  protectii 
mimicry. 

This  species  was  originally  described  by  Herrick  in  1882,  and  is  me 
tioned  by  him  in  his  succeeding  reports  of  1884  and  1887,  but  has  be' 
noted  by  no  other  author.     It  was  discovered  by  Professor  Reighard 
the  St.  Ciair  collections,  and  was  worked  out  very  thoroughly  by  him. 
is  from  his  notes  that  the  above  description  is  taken. 

This  seems  to  be  a  somewhat  rare  form  in  this  region.  I  have  found 
few  individuals  in  Rush  Lake,  Wisconsin,  and  in  Michigan,  besides  in  t 
St.  Clair  collections,  have  found  it  in  Twenty-Sixth  Lake,  Intermedia 
Lake  and  Susan  Lake.  Where  it  occurs  it  is  easily  detected  because  of 
large  size  and  prominent  colors.  Tiie  specimens  from  Round  Lake  1 
more  of  tlie  red  color,  so  much  so  that  tliis,  on  a  superficial  examinatio 
seemed  to  be  the  most  prominent  color. 


CvcLOPS  UKEvisriNOSUs  Herrick. 


Plate  VIl,  fig.  12, 

1884.     C.  brevispinosHs  Herrick,  p.  148,  pi.  S,  figs,  7-11. 
1893.      "  "  Marsh,  p.  205,  pi.  IV,  figs.  11  and  12. 

C.  hre^nsjnnosiis  occurred  in  the  collections  from  Lake  St.  Clair,  t 
Detroit  river,  Lake  Erie,  Susan  Lake,  Beaver  Island,  Intermediate  Lake  a 
Round  Lake.  I  have  found  it  in  collections  from  Lake  Superior  and  La 
Ontario,  but.  curiously,  never  in  Lake  Michigan  collections. 


IN  NO.  5. 


Ci'CLOPID.E  AND  CALANID.E  OF  MICHIGAN  LAKES. 


15 


1  seta. 


)S. 


it  spine  and  two  long 


}  because  of  its  deep 
as  follows:  antennne, 
i,  almost  black.  The 
color.  On  each  side 
ircij  is  a  strip  of  the 
IX  tinged  with  green. 

;e,  and  color  an  Arre- 
)e  a  case  of  protective 

in  1882,  and  is  men- 
id  1887,  but  has  been 
'rofessor  Reighard  i'^ 
loroughly  by  him.     It 

gion.  I  have  found  a 
chigan,  besides  in  the 
:h  Lake,  Intermediate 
letected  because  of  its 
;om  Round  Lake  had 
perficial  examination, 


Cvc'Loi's  I'L'LCHKf.r.us  Koch. 
Plate  VII,  fig.  U. 

jmlchcllus  Koch.  H.  21,  pi.  2. 

bicusjmlaius  Claus,  p.  209,  pi,  Xi,  figs.  6  and  7. 

"      p.  101. 
jnilcheliiis  Sars,  p.  2-4<). 
bicuspidatus  Heller,  p.  71. 

Fric,  p.  221.  tig.  6. 

Hoek,  p.  17,  pi.  I,  Hgs.  7-lL 
jmlchelhis  Rehberg,  p.  548. 

helgolandicus  Rehberg  ('80a).  p.  64,  pi.  IV,  fig.  5. 
Thomasi  Forbes,  p.  649,  pi.  IX,  figs.  10,  11,  and  16. 
pcciinaUifi  Herrick,  p.  499,  pi.  VII,  figs.  25,  28. 
Thomasi  Cragin,  p.  13,  pi.  Ill,  figs.  1  18. 

Herrick,  p.  151,  pi.  U,  figs.  4,  5,  7,  and  8. 
pulchcllus  Daday,  p.  220. 

Vosseler.  p,  194,  pi.  V,  figs.  19-28. 
"  Laude,  p.  50,  pi.  XXI,  figs.  14r)-155. 

Thomasi  Forbes,  p.  707,  pi,  II,  fig.  8. 
hicuapidatua  Brady,  p,  18,  pi.  V,  figs  1-5. 
Thomasi  Brady,  p.  14,  pi.  VI,  figs.  1-4. 
bicnsj>i(latus  Schmeil,  p.  27. 

Richard,  p.  229,  pi.  \'I,  fig.  6. 

Schmeil,  p.  75,  pi.  II.  figs.  1  3. 
Thomaxi  Forbes,  p.  249,  pi.  XXXIX,  figs.   9-12,  pi.  XL,  fig.  13. 
inddu'llus  Marsh,  p.  207,  pi.  IV,  figs.  18-19. 

C.  ]>ulch('Uiif<  is  the  common  Ctjclo/is  of  the  Great  Lakes.  It  occurs 
sometimes  in  smaller  bodies  of  water,  but  in  the  collections  from  Michi- 
gan I  have  not  found  it  from  any  of  the  small  lakes  except  Pine  Lake  and 
Round  Lake. 

According  to  Forbes  ('82  b)  C.  pidcheUus  and  the  Diapiomi  form  the 
greater  part  of  the  food  of  the  young  white  fish. 

Cvc'Loi's  I'ARcus  Herrick. 


1838, 

C 

1857. 

ti 

1863. 

a 

1863. 

(1 

1870. 

(1 

1872. 

(> 

1876. 

« 

1880. 

t( 

1880. 

(1 

1882. 

(( 

1888. 

(( 

1883. 

(< 

1884. 

(( 

1885. 

i( 

1886. 

<t 

1890. 

(( 

1891. 

<( 

1891. 

(( 

1891. 

u 

1891. 

<. 

1891. 

(( 

1892. 

li 

1893. 

(( 

1893. 

(( 

1882.     C.  parens  Herrick,  p.  229.  pi.  VI,  figs.  12-15. 

1884.      "  '<  '         p.  148.  pi.  R,  fig.  22. 

1893.      "  "      Marsh,  p.  20b,  pi.  IV,  fig.  1(5.  pi.  V,  fig.  1. 

I  have  found  C.  parens  only  iu  the  collections  from  Lake  St.  Clair. 


3,7-11. 

;s.  11  and  12. 

u  Lake  St.  Clair,  the 
Intermediate  Lake  and 
ike  Superior  and  Lake 
lections. 


1863. 

1874. 
1875. 
1876. 

1880. 
1884. 


CvcLoi's  LF.uiKAKTi  Sars. 
Plate  Vll,  tig,  15. 

p.  289. 


C.  LciK'karti  Sars.  ^,.  

"   siiiiple-f  Poggenpol,  p.  70,  pi.  XV,  figs.  1-8. 
"   triiiiic(n'ni,s  Uljauiu,  p.  80.  pi.  IX.  figs.  12  and  18. 
"   Leenirenhockii  Hoek,  p.  li),  pi.  III.  rigs.  1-12. 
"   siitiple.r  Rehberg,  p.  542. 
Herrick,  p,  150. 


ff. 


IG 


MICHIGAN  FISH  COMMISSION— BULLETIN  NO.  5. 


oUhonoidcs  Herrick,  p.  150,  pi.  8,  figs.  2-6. 
Lctichirii  Dnday,  p.  218. 
simplex  Daday,  p.  28(1. 
ix'ch'mthis  Daday,  p.  22:{,  pi.  I,  figs.  7-13. 
Ki'mplf.r  Vosseler,  p.  193,  pi.  IV,  Hgs.  15-17. 
"        Herrick,  p.  17,  pi.  \11,  lig.  1,  a-j. 

Thallwitz,  p.  79.  ^ 

"        Laude,  p.  55,  pi.  XVI,  Tigs.  42—15:  pi.  XVII,  fige.  46-5 
Leiickarti  HchvaeW,  p.  25. 

<;l„.r  Forbes,  p.  709,  pi.  Ill,  tig.  15;  pi.  IV,  figs.  16-19. 
Sroiirfrhll  Brady  (?)  p.  10,  pi.  IV,  figs.  1-8. 
Liuckaitl  Kicbard,  p.  230,  pi.  VI,  fig.  20. 
Schmeil,  p.  57,  pi.  III.  figs.  1-8. 
Marsh,  p.  209,  pi.  IV,  fig.  17;  pi.  V,  figs.  2-6. 

I  have  no  doubt  that,  as  stated  by  Sehmeil,  C.  Lmckurfi  Olaus  and  ^ 
LeiickaHi  Sars  are  identical,  and  that  possibly  by  strict  laws  of  priorii 
Clans  should  be  given  as  authority  for  the  name.  Yet,  as  the  descriptic 
by  Claus  is  not  only  imperfect,  but  in  many  respects  inaccurate  and  mi 
leading,  I  have  preferred  to  retain  the  designation  of  ('.  Lcftrkarti  Sai 
Other  points  in  the  synonomy  are  discussed  in  Sehmeil  '92  and  Marsh  'ii 

As  would  be  expected,  this  species  was  distributed  almost  universally 
the  waters  examined. 

Cyclops  pi'scls  J  urine. 


1884. 

C. 

1885. 

1885. 

1885. 

1886. 

1887. 

1890. 

1890. 

1891. 

LS91. 

1891. 

1891. 

1892. 

" 

1893. 

i( 

1820. 

1841. 

1850. 

1857 

1863. 

1863. 

1863. 

1870. 

1872. 

1876. 

1878. 

1882. 

Ib84. 

1885. 
1886. 
1888. 
1890. 
1890. 
1891. 
1891. 
1891. 
1892. 
1893. 


riate  VI,  figs.  5,  7  aud  11. 

Monocidus  (picidricornis  fiiscits  Jurine,  p.  47,  pi.  II,  fig.  2. 
C.  signaius  Koch,  11  21,  pi.  VIII. 
"  <iii(iilricoriils  rm:  c  Baird,  p.  203,  pi.  XXIV,  fig.  5. 
•'  roromitns  Claus,  p.  29,  pi.  I,  fig,  5,  and  pi.  II,  figs.  1-11. 

"      p.  97,  pi.  II,  fig.  16;  pi.  X,  fig.'l. 
"  sign<dus  Sars,  p.  242. 
"  coroiudns  Lubbock,  p.  199. 
Heller,  p.  71. 
Frie.  p.  218,  fig.  12. 
Hoek,  p.  12. 
"  sigiudus  Brady,  p.  100,  pi.  XVII,  figs.  4-12. 
"  ieituicornis  Herrick,  p,  227.  pi.  V,  fig.  14;  pi.  VI,  figs.  1- 

and  20. 
"  {('unicornis   Herrick,  p.  153,  pi.  R,  fig.  16;  pi.  Q',  figs.  8- 

and  20. 
"  signafns  Daday,  p.  208. 

Vosseler.  p.  189,  pi.  IV,  figs.  6-10. 
"'  fuscus  Sostari(.',  p  58, 
"  sigucdiis  Tballwitz,  p.  79. 

Lande,  p.  33,  pi.  XV,  fi^s.  1-12. 
Brady,  p.  6,  pi.  2,  fig.  5. 
"  fuscns  Eichard,  p.  223,  pi.  VI,  fig.  6. 
Sehmeil,  p.  22. 

p.  123,  pi.  I,  figs.  l-7b;  pi.  IV,  fig.  2. 
'*  signcitiis  Marsh,  p.  211. 


N  NO.  5. 


CYCLQPIDyE  AND  CALANID.K  OF  MICHIGAN  LAKES. 


17 


7. 


pi.  XVII,  figs.  46-50. 

V,  figs.  16-19. 
-8. 

k 

pi.  V,  figs.  2-6. 

Hcl'iirli  Clans  and  C. 
;rict  laws  of  priority 
;et,  as  the  description 
}  inaccnrate  and  mis- 
)f  ('.  Lciirkarfi  Sars. 
eil  '92  and  Marsh  '93. 
almost  imiversally  in 


47,  pi.  II,  rig,  2. 

s:iv,  fig,  5. 

)1.  II,  figs.  l-ll. 
,  X,  fig.  1. 


In  my  paper  on  tlie  Wisconsiu  (\ijrlo})i<l<v  and  Cahcnidiv  ('98),  agreeing 
with  H^rrick  and  Brady,  I  expressed  my  belief  that  the  two  forms  here 
called //t.scw.s' and  alhidus,  the  coroiidtun  and  tcnnicoriiis  of  Claus,  belonged 
to  the  same  apeciea,  fuse  us  being  the  more  mature  form.  Since  writing 
that  paper  I  have  exahaiued  a  large  number  of  specimens  from  widely 
separated  localities,  and  I  must  acknowledge  that  I  was  wrong,  and  that,  as 
stated  by  Schmeil  ('92),  the  two  forms  must  be  considered  distinct,  for  I 
have  been  utterly  unable  to  find  the  connecting  forms.  The  points  of  dif- 
ference, as  stated  so  elaborately  by  Schmeil,  hold  good  for  the  American 
specimens.  C.  fnscns  has  a  sensory  hfiir  on  the  twelfth  antennal  segment, 
the  hyaline  lamella  of  the  17th  segment  deeply  notched,  tlio  tliird  segment 
of  the  antennule  short,  the  inner  borders  of  the  furca  thickly  beset  with 
hairs,  and  the  egg  sacs  lie  close  to  the  abdomen,  while  C.  (tlhidus  has  a 
clavate  seta  on  the  twelfth  antennal  segment,  the  membrane  of  the  17th 
segment  serrate  or  smooth,  the  inner  borders  of  the  furca  either  without 
hairs  or  with  only  i.je  hairs,  and  the  egg  sacs  lie  separated  from  the  abdo- 
men. These  characters,  with  the  greater  size  of  C.  fusciin,  serve  to  dis- 
tinguish the  species,  while  the  less  evident  characters  mentioned  by 
Schmeil  are  easily  demonstrated. 

One  characteristic  not  mentioned  by  Schmeil  I  have  found  constantly  in 
my  specimens.  The  larger  of  the  two  terminal  spines  of  the  endopodite 
of  the  fourth  foot,  instead  of  being  serrated  on  its  edges  as  is  customary 
in  all  the  spines  of  the  swimming  feet,  is  beset  on  its  inner  margin  with 
long,  rather  irregular  teeth,  as  shown  in  the  plate.  (Plate  VI,  fig.  7.)  If 
this  peculiarity  exists  in  the  European  forms,  it  would  seem  probable  that 
it  would  have  been  noted  by  some  observer,  but  I  have  nowhere  seen  an 
account  of  it.  It  may  serve  then  to  indicate  a  slight  variation  from  the 
European  type. 

I  have  found  C.  fuscns  in  the  Michigan  collections  from  only  one 
locality,  Intermediate  Lake.  I  have  found  it  in  several  Wisconsin  locali- 
ties, though  nowhere  abundantly,  and  it  is  probable  that  it  occurs  in  other 
localities  in  Michigan. 

Cyclops  alhidus  Jurine. 


.-12. 
U;  pi.  VI,  figs.  1-11, 

16;  pi.  Q',  figs.y-U. 


)-10. 


,;  pi.  IV,  fig.  2. 


Plate  VI,  figs.  8  10. 

1820.  Monoculus  quwlricornis  alhidus  Jurine,  pp.  44  and  47,  pi.  II, 

figs.  10  and  11;  pi.  Ill,  fig.  24. 

1841.  C.  annulicornis  Koch,  H  21,  pi.  VI. 
1850.     "  quadricornis  var.  h  Baird,  p.  202,  pi.  XXIV,  fig.  4. 
1857.     "  tenuirornis  Claus,  p.  31,  pi..  Ill,  figs.  1-11. 

1857.  "  penmdus  Claus,  p.  35,  pi.  Ill,  figs.  12-17. 
1863.     "  tenuicornts  Claus,  p.  99,  pi.  I,  tig.  3;  pi.  II,  fig,  17;  pi.  IV, 

fig.  5. 
1863.     "  tenuiGoi'nis  Sars,  p.  242. 
1863.     "  annulicornis  Sars,  p.  243. 
1863.     "  tenuicornis  Lubbock,  p.  202. 
1870.     "  ienuicornis  Heller,  p.  71. 
1872.     "  "  Fric,  p.  219,  fig.  12. 

1874.  '•  Clausii  Poggenpol,  p.  70,  pi.  XV,  figs.  4-14. 

1875.  "  signfdus  Uljanin,  p.  29,  pi.  IX,  figs.  6-11;  pi  XI,  fig.  8. 

1876.  "        *'        Hoek,  p.  12,  pi.  I,  figs.  1-4. 


18 


187f^ 
1882. 
1883. 
1883. 
1884. 
1885. 
1886. 
1888. 
1890. 
1890. 
1891. 
1891. 
1891. 
1892. 
1893. 


C 
it 

<i 

ti 

K 

U 
i< 
(( 
It 
i( 
<l 
<( 
(( 
.1 
II 


MICHIGAN   FISH  COMMISSION-BULLETIN  NO.  r>. 

teiiuk'orniH  Brfidy,  p.  102,  pi.  XVII,  tigs.  1  10. 
"  Herrick. 

Cragiu,  p.  3,  pi.  II,  H^s.  1  14. 
si'tpidtus  var.  f(is(i(tcoi)ns  Ci'n\r'iti,  p.  2,  pi.  II,  fi«.  15. 
ienuicornis  var,  a  Herrick,  p.  153,  pi.  Q',  d^a.  1  7. 

Daday,  p.  211. 

VoHseler,  p.  189.  pi.  IV,  tigs.  <J  10, 
(ilbidus  Sostariv,  pi.  I,  tigs.  3,  4  and  12. 
tnmivoriiis  Tliallwit^,  p.  79. 

Lande,  p.  3(5,  pi.  XVI,  ligs.  22  32. 
(fijrimis  Forbes,  p.  707,  pi.  li,  fig.  9;  pi.  Til,  fig.  14. 
albidus  Hclinieil,  p.  23. 

annulicornis  and  ienuicornis  Richard,  pp.  224  22G. 
alhi'lns  Schineil,  p.  128,  pi.  I,  figs.  8-14b;  pi.  IV,  tig.  2. 
signniiis  Marsh,  p.  211,  pi.  V,  figs.  7-9. 


Hchmeil  states  that  the  antenn.e  of  C.  (ilhidus  are  armed  with  crowns  o 
spines  as  in  the  case  of  C.fuscus.  This  seems  to  be  rarely  true  in  ou 
forms.  Although  I  have  examined  with  great  care  large  numbers  of  matun 
females,  it  is  only  in  very  few  specimens  that  I  have  found  this  peculia 
armature.  The  membrane  of  the  terminal  antennal  segment  is  ordinaril; 
serrate.  The  common  form  corresponds  to  the  annidicornis  of  Sars  anc 
Richard,  which,  according  to  Schmeil,  Richard  now  allows  to  be  a  variet; 
of  albidus.  The  disUnguishing  characteristic  of  (iniiulicornis  is  the  rudi 
mentary  seta  of  the  inner  margin  of  the  terminal  segment  ot  the  endopo 
dite  of  the  fourth  foot.  This  is  represented  in  most  of  my  specimens  onl; 
by  a  minute  spine.  (PI.  VI,  fig.  9.)  In  two  individuals  I  have  found  ii 
place  of  this  minute  spine  a  short  seta.  (PI.  VI,  fig.  8.)  In  these  two  speci 
mens  the  circlets  of  spines  were  present  on  the  8th,  9th,  10th,  12th,  13tl 
and  14th  segments.  It  was  this  form  evidently  that  Cragin  called  C 
tennicornis  ('83  pi.  II,  tigs.  1-14),  as  is  shown  very  clearly  by  the  figure 
of  the  fourth  foot  and  anteunule,  although  he  did  not  figure  the  circlet 
of  spines  on  the  antennal  segments.  C.  signafus  y&r.  fasciacornis  Cragir 
it  is  not  possible  to  identify  with  certainty,  although  it  seems  probabl 
that  it  is  albidus.  C.  (jyrinus  Forbes  does  not  have  the  antennal  circlets  c 
spines,  but  does  have  a  short  seta  instead  of  a  minute  spine  on  the  fourt 
foot,  thus  agreeing  with  Cragin's  figures  of  C.  ienuicornis.  This  wou 
seem  to  be  intermediate  between  the  two  forms  I  have  seen.  It  is  diflScu 
in  such  a  case  to  tell  just  where  the  limits  of  species  should  be  drawn,  fc 
we  are  entirely  ignorant  of  the  life  histories  of  the  forms,  and  it  is  certai 
that  the  Cyclopidtv  have  wide  limits  of  variation.  It  seems  tome  safe 
for  the  present,  at  least,  to  consider  such  minute  differences  as  varietal,  an 
not  to  increase  the  number  of  species. 

C.  albidus  is  not  very  abundant,  but  occurred  in  many  of  the  8:.  Cla 
collections,  and  in  some  of  those  from  other  points  in  Michigarj  It  is 
universally  distributed  species,  but  does  not  occur  in  great  numbers. 


Cyclops  fluviatilis  Herrick. 


1882.  C.  fluviaiilis  Herrick,  p.  231,  pi.  VII,  figs.  1-9. 

1883.  "    magnoctavus  Cragin,  p,  5,  pi.  II,  figs  14-23. 

1884.  "   Jluviaiilis  Herrick,  p.  159,  pi.  Q',  figs.  1-9. 
1887.  "  "        Herrick,  p.  15. 


N  NO.  f». 


CYCLOPID.K  AND  CALANID/K  OF   MICHIGAN   LAKK8. 


19 


1  10. 


,  II,  fi«.  15. 
1KB.  1  7. 

10. 


;i2. 

II,  fig.  14. 

,  224  220. 
pi.  IV,  tig.  2. 

krmed  with  crowns  of 
e  rarely  true  in  our 
;e  numbers  of  mature 
3  found  this  peculiar 
egment  is  ordinarily 
ilirornis  of  Sars  and 
illows  to  be  a  variety 
ulicorni's  is  the  rudi- 
;ment  ot  the  endopo- 
)f  my  specimens  only 
uals  I  have  found  in 
In  these  two  speci - 
9th,  10th,  12th,  13th, 
lat  Cragin  called  C. 
[early  by  the  figures 
3t  figure  the  circlets 
fasciacornis  Cragin, 
;h  it  seems  probable 
e  antennal  circlets  of 
e  spine  on  the  fourth 
icornis.  This  would 
B  seen.  It  is  difficult 
should  be  drawn,  for 
)rm8,  and  it  is  certain 
It  seems  to  me  safer, 
rences  as  varietal,  and 

many  of  the  8g.  Clair 
in  Michigan  It  is  a 
great  numbers. 


9. 
3. 


I8'.»l.     r.  ituK/noctni'iis  Brady,  p.  lU,  figs.  14. 

1H«)3.     "   Jlnviatills  Marsh,  p.  211,  pi.  V,  figs.  14  and  15;  pi.  VI,  fig.  1. 

(\  Jhin'dlilis  occurH  in  niofit  of  the  limnetic  collections  in  all  except  the 
smalieHt  bodiuH  of  water. 


Cycu»ph  sKKRur.ATus  FiHoher. 


1851. 
1853. 
1857. 
18(53. 
18(13. 


1803. 
1870. 

1872. 
1875. 

1878. 
1878. 
1880. 
1882. 

1882. 

I8:s3. 

1881. 
1884, 
188.>. 
188(). 
1890. 
1890. 
1891. 
1891. 
1891. 
1892. 
1893. 


a  8erriilatns  Fischer,  p.  423,  pi.  X,  figs.  22,  23,  20  31. 
I.illjeborg,  p.  158,  pi.  XV,  fig.  12, 
ClauH.  p.  30,  figs.  1  3. 
Sars,  p.  254. 
ClauH,  p.  101,  pi.  I,  figs.  1  and  2;  pi.  IV,  fig.  12;  pi. 

XI,  fig.  3. 
Lubbock,  p.  197. 
Heller,  p.  72. 
Fric,  p.  222,  fig.  18. 
I'ljanin,  p.  34,  pi.  VIII,  figs.  1-8. 
Brady,  p.  109,  pi.  XXTI,  figs.  1  (i. 
"  var.  uionidints  Brady,  p.  110,  pi,  XXII,  figs.  7  14. 

mjilis  Reliberg,  p.  545. 

'  "      Forbeti,  p.  049. 
sernihdiis  Herrick,  p.  230,  pi.  V,  figs.  1  -5;  pi.  VII,  fig.  10. 
pedinifer  Cragin.  p.  0,  pi.  IV,  figs.  1-7. 
serriihihis  Herrick,  p.  157,  pi.  (),  figs.  17-19. 

"  var.  cleiians  Herrick,  p.  1^8. 

(iqilis  Daday,  p.  240.  * 

■  "      Vosseler,  p.  190,  pi.  V,  figs.  29-31. 
"     Thallwitz,  p.  79. 

''      Lande,  p.  00,  pi.  XVII,  fig.  09;  pi.  XVTII,  figs.  70-80. 
scrriilufns  Schmeil,  p.  29. 

Richard,  p.  234,  pi.  VI,  figs.  6-12. 
(ujills  Forbes,  p.  710. 

scrrtdatiis  Schmeil,  p.  141,  pi.  V,  figs.  6  12. 
Marsh,  p.  215,  pi.  VI,  figs.  2-5. 
This  well  known  species  occurs  everywhere  iu  Michigan  waters  and  with 
the  same  variations  in  structure  which  I    have  noted   in  the  collections 
made  in  Wisconsin.     (Marsh  '93,  pp.  215-216.) 


1838. 
1851. 
1853. 

1857. 
1803. 
1803. 
1803. 

1872. 
1874. 

1875. 

1878. 
1882. 


C 


Cyclops  i-halekatus  Koch. 

phalcntius  Xoch,  H  21,  pi.  IX. 

nnifhonirpovles  Fischer,  p.  420,  pi.  X,  figs.  24,  25,  32-38. 
Lilljeborg,  p.  208. 
Claus,  p.  37,  pi.  I,  figs.  0-10. 

"      p.  102,  pi.  IV,  figs.  1-4. 
Lubbock,  p.  202. 
jthdlerdius  Sars,  p.  255. 
('(inthocitrpoides  Fric,  p.  223,  fitr.  19, 
Idxcimts  Poggenpol,  p.  72,  pi.  XV.  figs.  22-24;  pi.  XVI,  figs. 

7  and  8. 
ph(il(}-afuf<  Uljauin,  p.  38,  pi.  IX,  Hub.  1-5. 

Brady,  p.  116,  pi.  XXIII,  figs.  7-13. 
adule.^cevs  Herrick,  p.  231,  pi.  VI,  figs.  15-20. 


1883. 

( 

1884. 

188r). 

1887. 

1888. 

Ih'.tO. 

1891. 

1891. 

1891. 

1S9:!, 

1893. 

20  Micnm.xN  Fisir  commission   bulletin  no.  T). 

(\  pcrmmuliis  C'raj^in,  p.  7,  pi.  I,  figs.  9  18. 
"  phiilcnihis  Herrick,  p.  K)!,  pi.  II,  figH.  f)  10. 

Daday,  p.  252. 

Hi'irick,  p.  14,  pi.  VII,  fi«8.  2,  a  d. 

8o8tariv,  p.  71,  pi.  11,  H^s.  21  22. 

Latule,  p.  75.  pi.  XX,  Hgs.  12C.  130. 

Schmeil,  p.  3(). 

Brady,  p.  25,  pi.  IX,  fig.  2. 

Richanf,  p.  238,  pi.  VI,  tig.  12. 

SchiiMMi,  p.  170,  pi.  VIII,  ti«8. 1  n. 

Marsh,  p.  2ir),  pi.  VI.  fi«8.  (5  and  7. 

I  have  found  (\  phdlcrnhis  in  the  I'olh'ctions  from  only  three  localities, 
Lake  St.  Clair,  Intermediate  Lake,  and  Twenty-sixth  Lake.  Very  litt 
attention,  however,  was  paid  in  the  collections  to  the  smaller  lakes  ai 
stagnant  pools,  and  it  is  probable  that  in  such  localities  it  occurs  geneial 
distributed  through  the  State. 

CvciiOi's  nt(;or,OK  Sars. 
Plate  1,  figs.  5-7. 

('.  hicolor  Sars,  p.  253. 

diaphamiH  Rehberg,  p.  547. 

Herrick,  p.  lOO,  pi.  R,  fig.  12. 

Daday,  p.  246. 
bicn'seiosus  Daday,  p.  255,  pi.  Ill,  figs.  3,  5  and  10. 
(liaphanns  Herrick,  p.  IG,  pi.  VII,  figs.  3  a  e. 

Lande.  p.  G7,  pi.  18,  figs.  91-98. 
hicolor  Schmeil,  p.  34. 
<li<(phanns  Richard,  p.  23(5,  pi.  VI,  fig.  26. 
hicolor  Schmeil,  p.  118,  pi.  VI,  figs.  6-13. 
♦'        Marsh,  p.  217. 

I  have  found  C.  hicolor  in  the  collections  from  three  of  the  Michig 
lakes — Lake  St.  Clair,  Intermediate  Lake,  and  South  Lake  on  BeaA 
Island.  Doubtless  more  thorough  collections  from  small  lakes  and  stt 
nant  pools  would  furnish  other  localities,  tliougli  this  species  seems  to 
nowhere  very  abundant.  I  have  found,  in  a  collection  from  a  lake 
northern  Wisconsin,  an  egg-bearing  female  \7ith  ten-jointed  antennw, 
fourth  and  fifth  joints  of  the  eleven-jointed  variety  being  united  in  o 
Unless  this  specimen  should  be  considered  a  monstrosity,  we  would  in 
that  this  species  can  reproduce  in  either  the  ten  or  eleven-jointed  stage 

I  have  added  to  the  synonomy  as  previously  given  C.  hrcviaeiosus  Dad 
I  do  not  feel  certain  of  the  identity  of  the  two  forms,  and  yet  it  seems 
mo  probable  that  they  are  the  same.     I  can  not  read  the  Hungarian, 
from  the  Latin  synopsis  and  the  figures  I  can  not  help  thinking  t 
brcvisctosus  is  the  same  as  hicolor.    The  points  of  diiference  are  the 
lowing.     The  furca  of  hrcvisetosus  is  longer  than  in  typical  hicolor.     '. 
armature  of  the  swimming  feet  does  not  correspond  to  Daday's  descripti 
but  the  one  figure  which  he  gives  of  a  swimming  foot  closely  reseml: 
the  structure  of  hicolor,  and  does  not  correspond  to  his  own  descripti 
The  antenna?  of  hrevisefostts  are  ten-jointed,  but  they  correspond  exactlj 
the'structure  of  my  ten-jointed  specimen  of  hicolor.    In  all  other  respe 
the  descriptions  agree. 


1863. 

C 

1880. 

1H84. 

1885. 

.1885. 

1887. 

1888. 

1891. 

1891. 

1892. 

18Vt3. 

N  NO.  n. 


CYCLOIMD.K   AND  C'ALANID.K  Ol'   MR'IIKIAN    LAKKS. 


21 


10. 


,Rd. 

22. 
s  136. 

.  1   11 

md  7. 

ii\ly  three  localities,  - 
h  Lake.  Very  little 
he  smaller  lakes  and 
les  it  occurs  geneially 


3,  5  and  10. 
fi  a  e. 

8. 

6. 


ihree  of  the  Michigan 
luth    Lake  on  Beaver 

small  lakes  and  stag- 
is  species  seems  to  be 
Bi'tion  from  a  lake  in 
ii-jointed  autennro,  the 
'  being  united  in  one. 
trosity,  we  would  infer 
eleven-jointed  stage. 

C.  brcvisetosus  Daday. 
18,  and  yet  it  seems  to 
id  the  Hungarian,  but 
ot  help  thinking  that 

difference  are  the  fol- 
i  typical  hicolor.    The 

to  Daday's  description, 

foot  closely  resembles 

0  his  own  description. 

y  correspond  exactly  to 
In  all  other  respects 


UTBlJOfSRATMIV. 

Although  the  list  of  papers  consulted  is  very  iieRrl>  the  sanu"  iis  that  of 
my  paper  on  the  Wisconsin  Ci/cloin'da  and  ra/fnj/'/<»',  1  Iihvh  thoiii;li  it 
beHt  to  insert  it  in  this  paper  tor  convenience  of  reference.  1  have  not 
had  the  opportunity  of  sfeing  tlin  original  paper  of  I'oggenpol,  nor  the 
papers  of  Sostariv  and  Thallwit/,  and  the  (luotations  from  those  authors 
are  taken  from  Schmeil.  In  all  other  cascM  1  have  personally  veriKed  the 
references. 

liAiRU.  W.: 

'50.     Natural  History  of  the  British  EntoinoHtraca.     Kay  Sue,  Lond. 
Brai>\,  (I.  S.: 

'78.     Monograph  of  the  free  and  semi-parasitic  Copepoda  of  the  Brit- 
ish Islands,  3  vols,,  Kay  Sue,  Jjond. 
'01.     Revision  of  the  British  Species  of  Fresh-water  Cyclopida>  and 
C'alanida>. 
Natural  History  Transactions  of  Northumberland,  Durham  and 
Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  Vol.  XI,  part  1. 
Claus,  ('.: 

'57.     Das    Genus    Cyclops   u.   s.   einheimische    Arten. 

Arciiiv.  fur  Naturgeschichte,  XXIII,  1  Bd.,  pp.  1    10. 
'63.     J)ie  freilehenden  Copepoden  uiit  besonderer  Beriieksichtigung 
der  Fauna  Deutschlands,  der  Nordseo  und  des  Mittelmeeres. 
Leipzig. 
Craoin,  F.  W.: 

'83.     A  Contribution  to  the  History  of   the  Fresh-water  Copepoda. 
Trans.  Ivans.  Acad.  Sci.,  Vol.  VIIL 
Daday,  Jeno. : 

'85.     Monographia  Eucopepodorum  liberorum  in  Hungaria  hucusque 
repertorum. 
A.  M.  tudomunoys  Acad6mia  Altai  a  Vit^z-alapb^l. 
DeKay,  J.  E.:, 

'44.     Zoology  of  N.  Y.,  VI,  Crustacea. 
Fischer.  8.: 

'51  -'53.     Beitrage  /ur  Kenntniss  der  in  der  Umgegend  von  St.  Peters- 
burg sich  tinJenden  Cyclopiden.  (und  Fortsetzung). 
Bull.  Soc,  Imp.,  Moscow. 
FoRHES,  S.  A.: 

'82a.  On    Some    Entomostraca    of    Lake    Michigan     and    Adjacent 
AVaters. 
Araer.  Naturalist,  Vol.  XVI,  pp.  537  542,  and  640-649. 
'82/>.  The  First  Food  of   the  Common  VVhitetish.     Rep.  U.  S.  Com. 

Fish  and  Fisherien  for  1881,  pp.  771  782. 
'91.     On  Some  Lake  Superior  Entomo.stracfl.      Rep,  U.  S.  Com.  Fish 

and  Fisheries.  1887,  pp.  701-718. 
'93.     A  Preliminary  Report  on  the  Aquatic  Invertebrate  Fauna  of 
the  Yellowstone  National  Park,  Wyoming,  and  of  the  Flathead 
Region  of  Montana.     Bull.  U.   S.  Fish  Com.  for  1891,   pp. 
209-258. 
Fuic,  A.:  ^ 

'72.     Die  Krustenthiere  Bohmens.  Archiv  der  naturwiss.  Landesdurch- 
forschg.  von  BOhmen.,  11  Bd.,  IV  Abth.,  pp.  203-269. 


II  m«r^  --.I  a».. 


22 


MICHIGAN  FISH  COMMISSION— BULLETIN  NO.  5. 


DeGuerne  and  llirnARO.: 

'89.     ll(5vi8iou  (les  Calanides  d'eau  douce.     Mem.  de  la  Soc.  Zool.  d 
France,  Vol.  II. 
DeGuerne,  J.: 

'86.     Description  du  ('enivopdijrs  Grimdldit,  Cop6pode  uouveau  d 
Golf  de  Fiulande.    Bull.  Soc.  Zool.  de  France,  XI. 
H  l: ller,  C.  : 

70.     Untersucluiugen  iiber  die  Crustaceen  Tyrols. 

Berichte  des  medic,  naturw.  Vereins  in  Innsbruck.  1  Jhrg.  p{ 
()7  96. 
Herrick,  C.  L.: 

'8:2.     Cyclopid.e  of  Minn,  with  Notes  on  other  Copepoda. 

10th  Ann.  Rep.  Geol.  and  Nat.  Hist.  Sur.  Minn.  pp.  221  -235. 
'83.     Hetero,<i;enetic  Development  in  Diaptonuis. 

Amer.  Nat.  Vol.  XVII,  pp.  381-389,  499  505. 
'84.    A  final  report  on  the  Crustacea  of  Minnesota  included  in  th 
Orders  Cladocera  and  Copepoda. 
12th  Ann.  Rep.  Geol.  and  Nat.  Hist.  Sur.  Minn. 
'87.     Contribution  to  the  Fauna  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  and  the  Soutl 
Mem.  of  Denisou  Sci.  Assoc.  Vol.  1,  No.  1. 
Hoefv,  P.  P.  C: 

'70.    De    Vrijlevende    Zoetwater  —  Copepoden    der    Niederlandsch 
Fauna. 
Tijdsch.  d.  Nederl.  Dierkund.  Vereenig  III. 
J  URINE,  L.: 

'20.     Histoire  des  Monocles  qui  se  trouvent  aux  environs  de  Gen6v( 
Koch,  C.  L.: 

'35,  41.     Deutschlauds  Crustaceen,  Myriapoden  und  Arachniden. 
Lanpe,  Adam.: 

'90.  Materyjaly  do  Fauny  Skorupiakow  Widlonogich  Kr^lestwa  Po 
skiego.  Widlonogi  Swoboduie  Zyjace  I.  Rodzina  Cyclop; 
Warsaw. 

LlLL.TEBOECi,  W.: 

'53.     De   Crustaceis   ex  ordinibus  tribus;    Cladocera,  Ostracoda, 
Copepoda  in  Scania  occurrentibus. 
Marsh,  C.  D wight: 

'91.     On  the  Deep  Water  Crustacea  of  Green  Lake. 

Wis.  Acad.  Sci.  Arts  and  Letters,  Vol.  VIII,  pp.  211-213. 
'93.     On  the  Cyclopida'  and  Calanidie  of  Central  Wisconsin. 
W^is.  Acad.  Sci..  Arts  and  Letters,  Vol.  IX,  pp.  189-224. 
N0RDQVI8T,  Osc. : 

'88.     Die  Calaniden  Finlands.      Bidrag  till  Kannedom  af  Finlai 
Naturoch  Folk,  heft  47. 

PooOENrOL,  M.  J.: 

'74.     List  of  the  Copepoda,  Cladocera,  and  Ostracoda  of  the  Envin 
of  Moscow.  (In  Russian.)  Trans,  in  Crag.ii  '83. 
Rehberg,  H.: 

'MO.     Beitrag  zur  Kenntniss  der  freilebenden  Siisswasser  Copepodl 

Abh.  (i.  Natur.  Ver.  xu  Bremen,  Bd.  VI,  pp.  533-554. 
'80rt.  Weitere  Bemerk.  iiber  d.  freileb.  Siissw.  Copepoden. 

Abh.  d.  Natur.  Ver.  zu  Bremen,  Bd.  VII,  Hft.  1,  pp.  61-G7. 


^^m 


I  NO.  5. 

de  la  Soc.  Zool.  de 

p6pode  uouveau  du 
ice,  XI. 

isbruck.  1  Jhrg.  pp. 

pepods. 

inn.  pp.  221-235. 

). 

sota  included  in  the 

[inn. 

exico  and  the  South. 

der    Niederlandsche 


cyclopidj:  and  calanid/I<:  of  Michigan  lakes. 


23 


KiCHARD,  Jill.: 

'Ul.     Ileoherches  sur  le  SysttNme  glandulaire  et  sur  le  Systt^me  norveux 
des  Cop6pode8  libres  d'eau  douce,  suivie  d'lme  R^'vision  des 
EsptNces  de  ce  Groupe  qui  vivent  en  France. 
Aunalos  des  Sciences  naturelles,  Zoologie.  T  12,  pp.  113  270 
Sars,  G.  O.: 

'63.     Oversigt  af  de  indenlandske  Ferskvandscopepoder. 

Forhandliuger  i  Videnskabs-Selskabet  i  Christiana.     18(52. 
SoHMEiL,  Otto: 

'91.  Beitrage  zur  Kenntniss  der  freilebenden  Siisswasser  Copepoden 
Deutschlands  mit  besonderer  Beriicksichti^uug  der  Cyclopiden. 
Zeitschr.     f.  Naturwis.  (54  Bd.  1  and  2  Hft. 

'<.)2.  Deutschlands  freilebende  Hiisswasser-Copepodeu.  1.  Theil- 
Cyclopidae.     Bib.  Zool.  Heft  2. 

SOSTARIC. 

'88.     Beitrage  zur  Kenntniss.     (?) 
Thallwitx. 

'90.     Entomostraken,     (?) 
Uljanin,  W.  N. 

'75.     Crustacea  of  Turkestan.     Parti.     (In  Russian.) 

YOSSELER,  J. 

'86.  Die  frpilebenden  Copepoden  Wiirttembergs  und  angrenzender 
Gegenden.  Jahreshefte  des  Ver.  fiir  Vaterl.  Naturkuude  in 
Wiirtt.    1886. 


environs  de  Geneve. 

and  Arachniden. 

logich  Kr6le8twa  Pol- 
I.  Eodzina  Cyclopy. 

locera,  Ostracoda,  et 


iake. 

II,  pp.  211-213. 

1  Wisconsin. 
:,  pp.  189-224. 

:annedom  af  Finlands 


racoda  of  the  Environs 

^M  '83. 

siisswasser  Copepoden. 
pp.  538-554. 
Copepoden. 
Hft.  1,  pp.  61-67. 


Fig.  1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
6. 
7. 


4. 

5. 
6. 


Fig.  1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 


EXPLANATION    OP    I'LATE.S. 
PLATE    I. 

Diaplomu,^  Reighardi ~Mth  feet  of  female  x  840. 
"  abdomen  of  male  x  195. 

"  "  fifth  feet  of  male  x  223. 

"  abdomen  of  female  x  190. 

Ci/clops  bicolor    abdomen  of  female  x  269. 
"  antenna  of  female  x  883. 

"  "  10-jointed  antenna  of  female  x  325. 

PLATE    IL 


Fig.  1.     Epischuralaciifitris—antennH  of  iemalexlVS. 

2-  "  "  right  antenna  of  male  X  113. 

3.  "  " 


li 


6. 


antennule  x  113a. 
mandible  and  palpus  x  217. 
second  maxillipede  x  217. 
tirst  maxillipede  x  217. 


PLATE   IIL 

Epischura  Z«cn.s/ns— first  foot  x  217. 

"  second  foot  x  158. 

"  fifth  foot  of  female  x  217. 

"  "  fifth  foot  of  male  x  153. 

"  abdomen  of  female  x  113. 

"  "  abdomen  of  male  x  118. 


24 


k 


iiii; 


M« 


MICHIGAN  FISH  COMMISSION— BULLETIN  NO.  5. 


Fig.  1. 

2. 


Fig. 


Fig.  1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 

5. 
6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 
11. 
12. 


Fig.    1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

6. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 
10. 
11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 


L.  m( term-US' 


L.  macnirus- 


« 


PLATE   I\. 

right  antenna  of  male  x  275. 
left  antenna  of  male  x  275. 

PLATE   V. 

first  foot  X  275. 
second  foot  x  275. 
fifth  foot  of  female  x  275. 
fifth  foot  of  male  x  275. 

second  and  third  joints  of  second  maxillipede 
275. 


PLATE  VL 

Cyclops  (J /er— abdomen  of  male  x  146. 

"        receptaculum  seminis  x  118. 

fourth  foot  X  113. 
"        11th,  12th,   and    13th   antennal   segments   o 
female  x  113. 
/><scus— terminal  joints  of  female  antenna  x  217. 
rt^er— terminal  joints  of  female  antenna  x  217. 
fuscus — terminal  joint  of  endopodite  of  fourth  foot  : 

217. 
(fZ6/(/us— terminal  joint  of  endopodite  of  fourth  foe 
X  280. 
"  terminal  joint  of  endopodite  of  fourth  foe 

X  280.  I 

"  antennule  x  217. 

fuscus — antennule,  first  three  joints  x  217. 
o/er— outline  of  cephalothorax  of  female  x  108. 

PLATE   VII. 

Diaptomus  sicilis — fifth  feet  of  male  x  140. 

''  Ashkmdi — fifth  feet  of  male  x  140. 

"  minutus—Mth  feet  of  male  x  140. 

fifth  foot  of  female  x  250. 
"  orcijoncusis — fifth  feet  of  male  x  140. 

"         pallu ( us— Mth.  feet  of  male  x  200. 
*'  lcptoj)us—Mth.  feet  of  male  x  138. 

"  sdnguinciis — fifth  feet  of  male  x  138. 

"  Birgti—Mth.  feet  of  male  x  136. 

"  snfigii  incus — terminal  joints  of  male  antenna  x  IJ 

"  sicilis — terminal  joints  of  male  antenna  x  136. 

Cyclops  brcvispinosus — fifth  foot  x  250. 
"        modcstus — fifth  foot  x  250. 
"       j)ulchellus — fifth  foot  x  250. 
LcuckarH—m\\  foot  x  250. 


(( 


PLATE   VIII. 

Sketch  map  of  Lake  St.  Clair  and  vicinity,  showing  collecting  stations. 

PLATE   IX. 

Sketch  map  of  Charlevoix  and  vicinity  showing  collecting  stations. 


^  NO.  5. 


econd  maxillipede  x 


tennal   segments   of 

antenna  x  217. 
atenna  x  217. 
dite  of  fourth  foot  x 

jodite  of  fourth  foot 

podite  of  fourth  foot 


nts  X  217. 

if  female  x  108. 


40. 

X  140. 

5  140. 

B  X  250. 

lie  X  140. 

5  200. 

xl38. 

ile  X  138. 

136. 

of  male  antenna  x  136. 

ale  antenna  x  136. 


;  collecting  stations, 
lecting  stations. 


'//  r/  m 


/Mm 


K 


"'  / ^    •ill  ^  \  ^' 


o 


Pl.ATH 


^^ 


1 1 


?■> 

'fit 
I 


HLATh  II. 


I  1 


PLATE  III. 


-^^.-■:.  jl.'r-^ 


■'  I 

1  i 


"■,""► 


'■I*'  I 


PLATE  IV 


■Hi  . 
'•I 


imi,, 

I.M||I 


:^H|i 


■  iiti 


PLATE  V. 


Ml* 


i 


5. 


I!    •• 


■n\ 


PLATH  VI. 


l*lc 


I** 


h 


I'* 


PLATK  \I1. 


^ 


r^^ 


P 
1 


V' 


Hl.ATE  VIII. 


■^ 


»•<«' 


VK;1 


liWtf, 


■  '..,1  /•»  " 


l.'| 


y  ■ 


y 


^" 


^ 


■ 


PLATR  IX. 


-Siisi: 


PLATR  IX. 


